What is more important than the air that we breathe? The quality of that air – especially for Alphas who are particularly vulnerable to environmental irritants. Read on to learn why monitoring your indoor air quality is crucial to your health and find ways to improve the air quality in your home.

Why it Matters

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that Americans spend an average of 90% of their time indoors, where the concentrations of certain pollutants, like radon gas, can sometimes be much higher than outdoor concentrations. Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) can lead to a range of health issues, from allergies to respiratory diseases. This is especially critical for individuals with certain health conditions, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), who may be more vulnerable to the effects of pollutants and allergens. Common indoor pollutants include:

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Volatile organic compounds are chemicals that have high vapor pressure and low water solubility. Many VOCs are synthetic and are used in the production of paints, pharmaceuticals, and refrigerants. They are released as gasses from certain solids or liquids and encompass a range of chemicals that can have both short- and long-term health effects. Indoor concentrations of VOCs are often significantly higher—sometimes up to ten times—than those found outdoors.
Particulate Matter: This includes dust, pet dander, and mold spores that can exacerbate respiratory conditions.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Elevated levels can lead to fatigue and impaired cognitive function.

Radon Gas: Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can be found in high concentrations in indoor environments, such as homes and workplaces. When radon decays, it produces radioactive particles that can get trapped in your lungs when you breathe. These particles can damage lung tissue and lead to lung cancer over time. Radon is the leading cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers, and is estimated to cause between 3% to 14% of all lung cancers in a country.

Radon levels are measured in picocuries per liter of air (pCi/l). The average indoor concentration is 1.3 pCi/l, while outdoor air typically contains about 0.4 pCi/l. The EPA advises taking action to lower indoor radon levels at 4.0 pCi/l or higher, but homes can reduce their levels to 2 pCi/l or lower.

For those with AATD, which affects lung function and increases susceptibility to lung diseases like emphysema, maintaining good IAQ is critical. Poor air quality can exacerbate respiratory symptoms, making it essential to create a healthy indoor environment. Thankfully, there are things you can do to monitor your indoor air quality and ensure that it is safe for you and your family.

How to Improve Indoor Air Quality

1) Ensure proper ventilation

Proper ventilation helps dilute indoor pollutants. Open windows, when weather permits, and consider using exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms to remove excess moisture and contaminants. Mechanical ventilation systems can also be beneficial in maintaining consistent air exchange.

2) Get a quality air purifier

Investing in a high-quality air purifier can significantly reduce indoor air pollutants. Look for models with HEPA filters that can capture particulate matter and allergens. For those with AATD, using purifiers in bedrooms and living areas can help maintain cleaner air.

3) Control humidity levels

Maintaining indoor humidity between 30-50% helps prevent mold growth and dust mites. Use dehumidifiers in damp areas and ensure proper ventilation in bathrooms and kitchens. This is particularly important for individuals with compromised lung function.

4) Keep your home clean

Make sure to dust and vacuum regularly using a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter to prevent the buildup of allergens dust mites, pet danger, and pollen. Clean surfaces with damp cloths to avoid stirring up dust. If you suffer from allergies or asthma, consider yearly or semi-yearly deep cleaning of rugs, drapes, and furniture upholstery.

5) Avoid or limit use of VOC products

When purchasing paints, finishes, and cleaning supplies, opt for low-VOC or no-VOC options. This reduces harmful chemical emissions in your home, creating a safer environment.

6) Avoid smoking indoors

Smoking cigarettes is never good for an Alpha (or anyone else), but even being around someone who is smoking – especially indoors – can be equally as damaging. Tobacco smoke contains numerous harmful chemicals that can linger in the air long after smoking has ceased. Creating a smoke-free environment is crucial for everyone, especially those with respiratory conditions.

7) Avoid wood and gas burning

Limit use of wood burning and gas burning stoves and fireplaces. Wood burning releases fine particles into the air which can enter the respiratory system and cause irritation. Exposure to gas cooking indoors can worsen asthma symptoms and wheezing, and lead to reduced lung function in children. Burning candles and incense should also be avoided.

8) Monitor indoor air quality

Consider investing in indoor air quality monitors that can provide real-time data on pollution levels. This can help you take proactive measures when pollutants rise. Also make sure to regularly change out the batteries in smoke and CO2 detectors and get the radon levels in your home tested every one to two years.

9) Seal cracks and gaps

Check for and seal any gaps or cracks around windows, doors, and walls to prevent outdoor pollutants from entering your home and to enhance energy efficiency.

10) Educate and advocate

Stay informed about the potential sources of indoor air pollution and advocate for healthier building materials and practices in your community.

Improving indoor air quality is essential for everyone, but it holds particular importance for individuals with Alpha-1. By implementing simple strategies to enhance IAQ, you can create a safer, healthier living space that supports respiratory health and overall well-being. Remember, a little effort can go a long way in ensuring that the air you breathe indoors is as clean and healthy as possible.

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